A number of factors need to be considered when selecting automotive materials, such as mechanical properties, lightweight, material stability, material designability, and processability. Each factor will have a significant impact on the design, production, sales and use of the car. In recent years, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) has become a new automotive material with its unique performance characteristics. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have the following advantages over other automotive materials.
1. Excellent mechanical properties
The carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite (CFRP) has a density of 1.5 to 2 g/cm3, which is only 1/4 to 1/5 of ordinary carbon steel, and is about 1/3 lighter than aluminum alloy, but carbon fiber composite material The comprehensive mechanical properties are significantly better than that of metallic materials, and the tensile strength is 3 to 4 times that of steel. The fatigue strength of steel and aluminum is 30% to 50% of tensile strength, while CFRP can reach 70% to 80%. At the same time, CFRP also has better vibration damping characteristics than light metal. For example, light alloy needs 9s to stop vibration. The carbon fiber composite material can be stopped for 2 seconds, and the specific strength and specific modulus are high.
2. Designable
The carbon fiber composite material has strong designability, and can select the base material reasonably according to the performance requirement, design the arrangement of the fibers and the structural form of the composite material, and flexibly design the product. For example, by arranging the carbon fibers in the direction of the force, the anisotropy of the strength of the composite material can be fully utilized, thereby achieving the purpose of saving materials and reducing quality. For products requiring corrosion resistance, a base material with good corrosion resistance can be selected for design.
3. Can achieve integrated manufacturing
Modularity and integration are also a development trend of automobile structure. Composite materials are easy to form curved surfaces of various shapes during molding, enabling the integrated manufacture of automotive parts. Integrated molding can not only reduce the number of parts and the number of molds, reduce the number of parts and other processes, but also greatly shorten the production cycle. For example, if the front end module of the automobile is made of carbon fiber composite material, it can realize integral integrated molding, avoiding local stress concentration caused by subsequent tailor welding and subsequent processing of metal parts, and reducing automobile parts while ensuring product precision and improving performance. Quality, reducing manufacturing costs.
4. Energy absorption and impact resistance
The carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite (CFRP) has a certain viscoelasticity, and there is a slight local relative motion between the carbon fiber and the matrix, which can generate interfacial friction. Under the synergy of viscoelasticity and interfacial friction, CFRP parts have better energy absorption and impact resistance. On the other hand, the specially woven carbon fiber composite collision energy absorbing structure breaks into smaller fragments in high-speed collision, absorbs a large amount of impact energy, and its energy absorption capacity is 4 to 5 times higher than that of metal materials, which can effectively improve the vehicle. Security to protect member safety.
5. Good corrosion resistance
The carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material is mainly composed of carbon fiber tow and resin material, and has excellent acid and alkali resistance. The automobile parts manufactured by the same do not need surface anticorrosion treatment, and have good weather resistance and aging resistance, and the service life is generally It is 2 to 3 times that of steel.
6. High temperature performance
The carbon fiber has a very stable performance below 400 °C and does not change much at 1 000 °C.
7. Good anti-fatigue performance
The carbon fiber reinforced material has a hindrance to the fatigue crack growth of the fiber, and its fatigue resistance can reach 70% to 80%. The structure of the carbon fiber is stable, and the strength of the composite material after the cycle test of stress fatigue is millions of times. There are still 60%, while steel and aluminum are 40% and 30% respectively, and FRP is only 20% to 25%. Therefore, the fatigue resistance of carbon fiber composites is suitable for a wide range of applications in the automotive industry.
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